Impact of E-commerce on Business Systems Dissertation

Effect of E-trade on Business Systems - Dissertation Example Different endeavors have been made to make explicit differentiations of the e-plans of action that exist over the globe however this has brought about new hypotheses and suggestions. Yet, essentially comprehended an e-plan of action suggests to a methodology taken by an organization to turn into a productive endeavor on the electronic media ordinarily alluded to as the electronic business. It explains how a firm creates income by determining the situation of the firm in the worth chain. E-business has affected all parts of business handling with the utilization of suitable innovation and patterns. Business patterns, for example, all out quality administration, business process re-designing and worldwide re-appropriating have prompted expanded computerization of work forms, incorporated frameworks with the end goal of more prominent client assistance effectiveness. Expanded availability and client care approach has re-characterized the manner in which organizations are working today. The examination study gives a more profound appraisal of how web based business has affected business frameworks. The discoveries of the examination propose that internet business plans of action have added to making operational efficiencies and expanded spotlight on abusing the intensity of data to drive upper hand for firms. Presentation This area gives a prologue to the examination study and a foundation review of the exploration theme. ... ch setting Business models and frameworks have experienced quick changes in the course of recent decades with associations adjusting to imaginative applications and developing business sector patterns. Supervisors have concentrated their techniques on making an empowering situation for business forms by embracing new plans of action that give the association the adaptability and proficiency to wander into new markets and increment incomes. Organizations are set of exercises or procedures that help in the production of merchandise or administrations for creating incomes. The goal of business is to create incomes and benefits for the proprietor. Since old occasions, businesspeople have received new and venturesome methods for bringing in cash by delivering something of significant worth for which individuals when all is said in done are prepared to pay cash. The business methodologies throughout the decades have advanced to include increasingly unpredictable and imaginative frameworks that help in making business efficiencies and boosting benefits. Administrators continually look for differential methodologies and re-engineer existing procedures to help expanded profitability and broadened advertise outreach. The advances in framework, correspondence, and innovation devices have assumed a significant job in supporting business destinations and forming business frameworks toward expanded benefits and pieces of the pie. Business frameworks allude to the procedures and operational system that help in leading the business. The business forms mirror the degree to which the undertaking has been effective in meeting its business objectives and goals. The key procedures in any business include creation, bookkeeping, showcasing and human asset the board. Administrative capacities center around accomplishing greatness and smoothing out work procedures to help significant level worker execution and

Nationalism And War Essays - Modern History Of Germany,

Patriotism And War Does patriotism have a relationship with the reasons for the wars somewhere in the range of 1792 and 1914? This can be contested through the occasions of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the unification battles of Germany and Italy in the late 1800's, the Alliance frameworks of the late 1800's and the death of the Austrian archduke before the episode of World War 1. During the French Revolution in 1792, an exertion was made to expel Austrian nearness from French terrains. This happened to some extent since King Louis XVI needed to look for help from the Austrians to evacuate the reformers, convincing France to announce war on Austria. The Jacobins were worried about the possibility that that this war would irreversibly affect the Revolution. In this manner the Jacobins, having faith in having an obligation to the country, lectured nationalistic and liberal goals to the whole country, utilizing each sort of correspondence accessible to them at that point. Jacobins enlivened enthusiasm in the youngsters drafted into the war to draw upon their own patriotism to battle for France. This prompted triumph over Austria and all the while, France obtained Belgium. Despite the fact that patriotism was utilized to raise the expectations of the French individuals to triumph, it was not the reason for the war. ?The American and French insurgencies were urgent stages throughout the entire existence of progressivism.? (Perry, 377). During these insurgencies, indications of nationalistic thoughts became clear that were related with later wars in Europe. The Napoleonic wars were a continuation of the upset, which were not any more dependent on nationalistic thoughts than the unrest itself. Napoleon set out in 1799 to overcome Europe in would like to administer an Empire similarly as Charlemagne and Alexander the Great did. He set out to achieve this by over-tossing the Directory and introducing a legislature called the Consulate. In time, he expanded his capacity to a point where he was in all out control and designating himself the Emperor of France. A considerable lot of the wars during this time prompted nationalistic emotions in the nations that Napoleon had prevailed. This got noticeable in the obstruction of the Spanish and Prussians after Napoleon vanquished them. Spain revolted on the grounds that Napoleon removed the benefits of the nobles and made his sibling, who the Spanish thought about an outsider, lord. Thus, during the War of Liberation, devoted and nationalistic standards drove Prussia to rebel against the French att ack. With incredible energy and patriotism, Prussia crushed France in1813. The Napoleonic Wars were not wars of patriotism, yet were of one man's fantasy about being a vanquisher. At some other point ever, Bismarck was instrumental in the unification of Germany. It was his hunger for extension and Prussian guideline all through Germany that drove him. It was during the unification of the southern states that patriotism assumed a basic job. With the assistance of Austria, Bismarck's first strike was at Denmark in 1864. Austria just participated with the expectation that Schleswig and Holstein would not turn out to be a piece of Prussia. This was an impetus for the Austro-Prussian war in 1866 that brought about the thrashing of Austria. In understanding, Prussia expected regional power over Schleswig and Holstein and other German states. Subsequently, this prompted the unification of the northern states, keep Austria separate from Prussian issues and leaving Prussia as the head intensity of Germany. In making this progress, Bismarck dismissed parliamentary forces that left him a despised man by numerous nonconformists. Bismarck's activities delineate that patrio tism was not a factor, yet rather it was his longing to grow A prussian area at any expense. Bismarck utilized patriotism as a significant apparatus in finishing the unification. ?Utilizing the empty Spanish seat, Bismarck fashioned a message, suggesting that Napoleon and King William had offended one another.? (Perry, 404) This prompted high sentiments of Nationalism all through Germany, and prompted an encounter among Prussia and France. This war, known as the Franco-Prussia War, brought about the southern German states restricting together in national solidarity to go to Prussia's guide. This moving was as Bismarck anticipated. Focal Europe in 1871 gave testimony regarding an extraordinary country and the last strides in the unification of Germany, later to get known as the German Empire. This likewise gave them the required capacity to play

Junk Food Prevalence and Its Physical and Mental Implications Free Essays

Name: Ali Hussain Al-Attas Date: 15/10/2011 Cause Effect Junk Food Prevalence and its Physical and Mental Implications Introduction: An investigation directed recently, demonstrated that low quality nourishment influences the capacity and structure of the cerebrum which could change peoples’ conduct, particularly that of kids. By definition, shoddy nourishment is pre-arranged nourishment that has low dietary benefit and is high in calories. The point of this paper is to investigate the reasons for lousy nourishment pervasiveness and its physical and mental impacts. We will compose a custom paper test on Low quality nourishment Prevalence and Its Physical and Mental Implications or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Passage 1: Causes: Abundance and Advertisements: Lousy nourishment has gotten well known among individuals attributable to its availability, taste, cost and solid media promoting. It’s hard to track down an area, or even a road, without a drive-thru eatery. Measurements demonstrate that the quantity of these eateries significantly increased in the most recent decade. A case of ad is putting shocks, free toys, with each â€Å"happy meal† to pull in kids. The ascent of the quantity of drive-thru eatery prompts an expansion in its physical and mental risks. Section 2: Effects: Physical Implications: Shoddy nourishment physical dangers of can be extensively sorted into two gatherings. The first is the quick impact, to be specific, corpulence that presents wellbeing dangers. In 2005, an examination led by NIH discovered higher paces of heftiness in secondary schools with close by drive-through eateries. As indicated by an examination did on general training understudies in Saudi Arabia, the pace of corpulence among the individuals who habitually eat inexpensive food is 38. 20%, while the rate is 19. 43% among those eating just a single supper seven days. Another examination uncovered that around one out of four (or 23. 6%) of Saudi grown-ups are named stout. The subsequent gathering is the distal impacts. Being overweight and can build the odds of getting constant sicknesses. The OSG brought up that basically getting hefty, with more than 30 BMI, raises the probability of creating numerous infections including coronary episode, stroke and hardly any sorts of malignant growth. A 14-year imminent examination demonstrated men matured 40 to 65 years with a BMI more than 29 had a 72% expanded danger of getting nonfatal or lethal coronary illness. Plainly, there are immediate and aberrant associations between shoddy nourishment and various physical sicknesses. Section 3: Effects: Mental Implications: So also, Junk nourishment brings about intense subject matters, for example, hyperactivity, and wretchedness. What it does is that it changes the request for the mind. An ongoing report, directed at 2010, uncovered that it raises the danger of misery by 55%. Another examination, included 80 members, demonstrated that a drop out of resentment, animosity and sadness came about because of supplanting it with progressively sound nourishment. It additionally influences the instructive achievement of understudies by discharging hormones that cause an incomplete brain latency. From that, it very well may be induced that there is a solid connection between expending low quality nourishment and a few conduct issues. End: This paper delineated the spread of lousy nourishment as a significant factor for some physical and mental issues. Devouring lousy nourishment has direct ramifications, for example, heftiness. What's more, it drives in a roundabout way to various constant ailments. Besides, it changes peoples’ conduct and causes passionate diseases e. g. animosity and sadness. Be that as it may, it still generally spread due to the solid commercial and not many minor reasons. The consciousness of this issue is on the expansion, yet the threat despite everything exists, and governments and authority associations need to plan something for decrease these dangers. Instructions to refer to Junk Food Prevalence and Its Physical and Mental Implications, Essays

Essay about Race, Class, and Gender The Critical Race Theory

Race, Gender, and Social class are all common interests in our American Society since before the Civil Rights Movement until now and will continue to be. Many theories have been developed with the intent to analyze these concepts of human life, and genetics within the scope of society. Critical Race theory, a modern take on the subtle racism and discrimination in institutional society and our American law, is one of these theories that construct the ideas relating race, gender and social class to American society. All groups of people are affected by racism and discrimination throughout the United States. Arab Americans and the Sioux, Native American Indian group, are two groups I will analyze in relation to Critical Race theory. First,†¦show more content†¦1). Critical Race theory is made up of four major themes; First is the belief that race is central, not peripheral, to American thought and life. Second is the notion that racism is common and ordinary rather than rare and episodic, so that a great deal of Americans’ social life is affected by it. A third strand is material determinism, or interest convergence—the idea that racial relations maintain a white-over-black/brown hierarchy that provides benefits and profits to elite groups in the majority race and are for that reason difficult to reform. A fourth feature is the social construction thesis, according to which races are products of social thought and invention, not objective or biologically real (Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge, 2011, p. 1). Based on the themes of Critical Race Theory, it is believed that all groups in American society are affected by racism, often unintentionally. Again, theorists that agree with this idea argue that racism is engrained in American culture and society. You could go as far as relating Critical Race theory to Social learning theory. According to the article, Social Learning Theory, Social learning theory is defined â€Å"The social learning theory emphasizes the importance of observing and modelingShow MoreRelatedCritical Race Theory And Method : Counter Storytelling843 Words   |  4 Pagesreading, we read the article â€Å"Critical race and LatCrit theory and method: Counter-storytelling† by Daniel G. Solorzano and Tara J. Yosso. Throughout the reading, it emphasizes the racial problem that Chicana and Chicano undergraduate and graduate are facing under the educational system. In order to understand more about their experiences, the authors divided the reading into three diff erent steps. First of all, they defined the meaning of critical race theory. This theory help provide more informationRead More3 Key Differences between Orthodox and Critical Criminologies762 Words   |  3 Pagesorthodox and critical criminologies? Use examples of readings that reflect both criminologies to illustrate your response. Orthodox criminology refers to the how criminologists accept the states ideas of crime without thinking of power relations. This thinking is shared by everyone and becomes a universal idea and these ideas are in the interests of everyone. However, certain groups of individuals are targeted and blamed for crimes based on their class, race, gender, sexuality and more. The theory of CriticalRead MoreThe Beliefs Of Misconceptions And Gender, Race, And Sexuality1472 Words   |  6 PagesCollins approaches the beliefs of misconceptions already existent towards multi social groups’ underlying different issues mostly affecting African Americans. These issues highlighted by Collins include, â€Å"a set of ideas and social practices shaped by gender, race, and sexuality that frame Black men and women’s treatment of one another, as well as how African Americans are perceived and treated by others† (p.7). These ideas encapsulate a false understanding of the issues surroundi ng the persecutions theRead MoreThe Critical Race Theory ( Crt )921 Words   |  4 Pages The Critical Race Theory (CRT) began as a form of legal studies by liberals and turned into a movement. The movement is a collection of activists and scholars interested in studying and transforming the relationship between race, racism, and power. The movement walks a similar path as conventional civil rights studies; however, they look at an even broader perspective, such as economics, history, context, and even self-interest. â€Å"Race, Gender, and Social class are all common interests in our AmericanRead MoreEssay on Article Reflection: Feminist Intersectional Theorizing875 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent social theories in feminism. This theory explores the factors that represent one’s identity. The purpose of this article is to explain the theorizing on race, class, and gender by Canadian feminist. Intersectionality portrays how women experiences are interconnected. The article â€Å"Feminist Intersectional Theorizing† written by Daiva K. Stasiulis, mainly talks about the intersectional theorizing of different factors that woman in Canada encounter. The vocalization of gender and class had a breakthroughRead MoreRace, Class And Gender1032 Words   |  5 Pages IN WHAT WAYS DO RACE, CLASS AND GENDER SHAPE PRACTICES AND EXPERIENCES IN PRISON? DRAW ON THEORIES AND EXAMPLES/CASE STUDIES TO SUPPORT YOUR CASE. OVERVIEW This essay will explore how race, class and gender shapes practices and experiences in prison. Firstly, a discussion of prison in general is necessary. In other words, what constitutes prisons, its aims and objectives and prison culture (Reeves, 2015). Currently there are 38,845 prisoners in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016)Read MoreThe Path For Underserved Students Transitioning From Community College980 Words   |  4 Pagesof their individual abilities and without regard to [socio]economic status, race, creed, color, sex, national origin or ancestry, [which] is [the] major goal of American democracy† (United States Zook, 1947, p.  3). Thus, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the path for underserved students transitioning from community college to a 4-year university, while reconceptualizing the American Dream. Through a critical race theoretical lends, this essay will outline the historical trend and statisticalRead MoreAnalysis Of Demarginalizing The Intersection Of Race And Sex849 Words   |  4 PagesIntersection of Race and Sex: A Blac k Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics,† I would like to start my critical review essay by mentioning the Black feminist studies book entitled â€Å"All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave.† Having this idea of problematic predisposition to treat race and gender as mutually exclusive entities in mind, I would like to review Angela Davis’s book entitled â€Å"Women, Race, and Class†, and compareRead MoreGiving An Education By Adrienne Rich Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesto gain a critical basis for their experiences, it is just as important as â€Å"taking responsibility towards your selves† (Rich, Shaw and Lee 29). Curriculum courses alone cannot allow women to go out and explore their options in the world in order to live a meaningful life. The transformation of knowledge took place when individuals challenged previously unquestioned knowledge, the result of wh ich ultimately affected the marginalization of women and heightened consciousness. 2. Gender arrangementsRead MoreRace, Race And Racism Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesProject Description: This project is comprised of rhetorical commentary overview, that is used to examine and develop a better understanding of the terms, race and racism in society (critical race theory) (Stefancic and Delgado 1995, 177). By using the critical race theory and examining incidents of police misconduct, this will determine whether or not race plays a crucial factor. Additionally, this project encompasses a vast knowledge of the criminal justice system and the police departments of the United

Developing Relationship Theory In Consumer Research Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Personality has been defined by various psychologists and philosophers of different times in different ways. Thus it is quite tough to define the personality of a person, but if an attempt is made by churning out all the major definitions of personality, it can be said that all people possess a set of organized and dynamic features and that set of features controls motivation, thought process and behaviorist approach of a person in different situations. This set of characteristics or can said to be the personality of an individual. Since the late 19th-century personality study has emerged as the sole way to understand a person and almost every discipline that is related to social study or human relations, in the modern times, is trying to represent their points from the perspective of personality analysis of individuals. (Gilbert and Connolly, 1991, 23)The 19th and 20th century has witnessed great progress in the field of personality analysis and several famous figures have appeared in this arena who have interpreted human psychology in their own ways and it has helped them to come up with different types of personality theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Relationship Theory In Consumer Research or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Results of such analysis have been used in various disciplines of human actions, starting from literature to selling of products. Among various other disciplines personality theories proved to be a boon for the business houses and industrialists and these theories opened up different avenues to them through with they started reaching people in the way that was never experienced before. Analysis of the personality theories helped the business house to understand their consumerist traits and they started to launch their products according to the desire of the mass. At the same time, various innovations were also implemented to the methods of advertising and the business groups, in order to expand their consumer circle, used advertisement so that it can capitalize over personality traits of an individual.

Regulating The American Gun Control - 2098 Words

Regulating the American Gun Charles Dennis Eastern Kentucky University Author Note This paper was prepared for English 102, Section 20357, taught by Professor Roman Abstract Gun control has been a political and government issue for decades now, and figuring out exactly the right formula on how many laws, regulations we currently need. While some gun control regulation is necessary; increasing the amount and intensity of gun regulation is problematic because it is an infringement on second amendment rights, it does not deter crime, it allows for the government to have too much power and control over weapons, and proper regulations already exist. A middle ground stance on the issue of gun regulation is important, because if citizens are too far right or left on the matter it will be problematic. Either running into over regulation and over use of government power and if there is no regulation you run into chaos and anarchy from no control. To clarify, I draw a conclusion from the summary of gun regulations currently in place, being enforced today by the ATF today. In conclusion the need for some gun regulations and laws is a much needed necessity but the p roblem we seem to run into as a country is trying to shoot for too much or too little. Keywords: gun control, government, ATF, U.S. Constitution, regulations, amendments, tyranny, self-defense Regulating the American Gun WhenShow MoreRelatedGuns, Ammunition And Its Negative Effects On Society944 Words   |  4 PagesIssue Question: can the availability of guns, ammunition and its negative effects on society be a thing of the past? Claim: An analysis of the United State gun culture reveals their negative effects on society. Thesis paragraph: In the wake of recent killings and mass shooting in sandy hook and other locations across the country and communities, there has been public cries for the need for stricter gun laws and regulations. Gun violence has become a major problem facing the country. Day inRead MoreThe Battle Of Gun Control847 Words   |  4 Pages Gun Control  refers to laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms in order to  control  crime and reduce the harmful effects of violence. (http://definitions.uslegal.com/g/gun-control/) US Legal Definitions. The gun control debates and issues started hundreds of years ago. First, in 1873 the State of Georgia passed a law to ban handguns and this law was thrown out, because it was ruled unconstitutional. Second, in 1865 several SouthernRead MoreWriting2 WP12402 Words   |  6 PagesOpinionated Articles, Presidential Speeches, and Gun Control: Comparing Two Different Genres of Writing In the United States, the media tends to only highlight violence that is occurring overseas when in reality gun violence has escalated to new heights in our own country. During recent years, gun-related homicides have plagued the United States, and many innocent citizens have been killed due to this accumulation of gun violence. Because gun control is a very controversial topic, writers who chooseRead MoreA Brief Note On The Gun Control Act Of 1968964 Words   |  4 PagesIn A Gun Controlled Society According to the Second Amendment, citizens of the United States have the right to bear arms while protecting ourselves. Gun control is set into place to retain firearms from the hands of the ‘good guys’. In most cases, it is highly plausible for a bad guy to reach hands on a weapon, whether it be from black market, cross borders, or illegal street sales. These men won’t be stopped by just any gun laws. As the saying goes: where there’s a will, there’s a way. Gun controlRead MoreViolent Video Games are a Key Contributor to Teen Violence in America1186 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessor at Georgetown University law school, states in his article about violence and American society, that the main reason behind juvenile-related crimes in the United States is because of the availability of handguns. Drinan asserts that â€Å"more than 20,000 persons are killed in the United States each year by small weapons.† Handguns are the source of violence anywhe re in the world because, â€Å"a significant number of the guns used in civil wars, in violence against women and by groups of criminals can beRead MoreAmerican Federalism And Gun Control1364 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Federalism and Gun Control In the Unites States of America Federalism is the basic structure of the American government; it is the distribution and balance of powers between the National government and the States government. In order to obtain a compromise between those who wanted stronger state government and those who preferred a stronger national government the founding fathers arranged and settled for a federal system rather than the alternatives of a unitary or confederal system.Read MoreGun Control766 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Paper Gun Control has been an issue that has been brought to the public’s eyes in recent years. This main issue has been going on for many years, for example when John F. Kennedy was assassinated; it raised public awareness to the lack of control on sales and also possession of guns in America. Until 1968 guns were available over the counter in stores and through mail catalogs to just about any adult in America. This was an example of how loosely guns were regulated which bring usRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control994 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, gun control is becoming a social issue in the US after the many incidents or accident happened related to the gun owner’s kill’s people at the social places. Gun rights means the every person have right to take or carry guns for their self protection is created controversial issue related to criminal justice that needed the requirement for the gun control to stop people from killing each other. Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects those opened fire in a California social serviceRead MoreGun Control Essay890 Words   |  4 PagesCourt in which the current legislation and political resolves are insufficient; among these issues is simply, gun control. Gun rights advocates fancy that gun control laws go too far. Having said that, supporters of gun control dont believe the government is doing enough to better regulate the distribution of firearms. It is not until a tragedy occurs when efforts to promote gun control reforms are renewed. Over the past several decades, there have been numerous deadly mass shootings across theRead MoreRegulating Violent Video Games998 Words   |  4 PagesRegulating Violent Video Games Introduction: I. A. Whose place is it to deal with the problem? 1. Parent should censor their children. 2. Why parents should censor children. 3. The possible result if our children are not censored. II. A. Should the Government regulate violent video games? 1. What would happen if the government regulates video games? 2. Why I am against the government’s involvement in regulating video games. 3. Regulating ourselves. Conclusion/Closing:

Early Childhood Collaborative Partnerships with Families

Question: Discuss about theEarly Childhood for Collaborative Partnerships with Families. Answer: In course of the entire duration of the research study as depicted in the article written by Sumsion, the expressions conveyed by Pia varied widely. Pias experience as a preschool teacher at the early childhood setting in the first two years comprised of struggling for establishing an identity and striving for acceptance. She also struggled to gain control over matter than essentially constituted teacher-parent relationship to foster child development and education. The balancing needs and honoring beliefs was compromised for Pia. Moreover, confidence was boosted as well as responsiveness was accentuated along with capacity for recognizing complexities eventually. Management of tensions in addition to valuing of relationships, sharing joys and triumphs along with provision of reassurance and creation of a community feeling was generated across her teaching time span. The decision-making skills thus were developed in Pia. I feel the wide range of emotions that occurred in Pia was in corroboration with the several stages in teaching. Initially as a graduate with Bachelor of Teaching, she was a novice and neophyte lacking practical experience on the field. However with the passage of time and increased familiarity with the job profile and interactions with the parents and pupils at the early childhood setting, enough knowledge was acquired that added to the acquisition of personal development and professional skills (Sumsion, 1999). Characteristics of collaborative partnerships with families as stated by ECA Australia include empathy, mutual trust, open and respectful communication, shared decision making, willingness to compromise and negotiate among others (earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au, 2017). References Aedc.gov.au. (2017). Early childhood. Aedc.gov.au. Retrieved 29 April 2017, from https://www.aedc.gov.au/early-childhood Earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au. (2017). Collaborative partnerships with families. www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 29 April 2017, from https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/nqsplp/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/NQS_PLP_E-Newsletter_No35.pdf Oecd.org. (2017). OECD Thematic Review of Early Childhood Education and Care Policy OECD Thematic Review of Early Childhood Education and Care Policy Australian Background Report Australian Background Report. www.oecd.org. Retrieved 29 April 2017, from https://www.oecd.org/australia/1900259.pdf Sumsion, J. (1999). A Neophyte Early Childhood Teacher's Developing Relationships with Parents: An Ecological Perspective.Early Childhood Research Practice,1(1), n1.